The curious border between what finance professors can understand, and what they cannot understand

If with regulations you allow banks to leverage much more their equity, and all the support these receives from society, with assets type A than with asset type B, then banks will be able to obtain higher expected risk adjusted returns on equity with assets A than with assets B. 

That finance professors can understand.

And the above will cause the banks to exclusively hold assets A, unless assets B offers these a much higher risk adjusted return than what would have been the case in the absence of such regulations.

That finance professors can understand.

And that clearly signifies a distortion in the allocation of bank credit. 

And that finance professors can understand.

But if you just substitute “safe assets” for assets “type A”, and “risky assets”, like loans to SMEs and entrepreneurs, for assets “type B”, then suddenly finance professors no longer understand.

And that I know because no one of them is protesting the distortions in the allocation of credit produced by the risk weighted capital requirements for banks. 

Strange eh?

What behavioral theory explains that?

The most important behavioral, cognitive psychology, research program ever

Bank system crises never ever result from excessive exposures to what is perceived as risky, these always results from excessive exposures to what was erroneously perceived as safe.

And yet bank regulators imposed on banks credit-risk-weighted equity requirements that are much higher for what is perceived as risky than for what is perceived as safe.

That is very clearly a monstrous mistake. It means that is something really bad happens to banks where that usually happens, regulators have made sure banks will stand there especially naked, with no equity to cover themselves up with. 

And my thesis is that the at-first-sight, Daniel Kahneman's “System 1: Fast, automatic, frequent, emotional, stereotypic, subconscious” standard basic intuition of “risky-is risky and safe-is safe”, is way too strong so as to permit opening a more reflective “System 2: Slow, effortful, infrequent, logical, calculating, conscious” analysis… and this most specially if that means questioning some other members of a mutual-admiration/ mutual-importance-reinforcement club. 

And that is the subject I would like to see researched by experts in behavioral finance and in cognitive psychology.

But why do I call this “the most important research program ever”?

Easy! Those regulations allow banks to leverage the back-stop supports that for instance central banks give more on assets perceived as safe than on assets perceived as risky; and that means banks will obtain higher risk-adjusted returns on their equity on assets perceived as safe than on assets perceived as risky.

That has introduced a regulatory risk aversion that seriously distorts the allocation of bank credit to the real economy.

And since risk-taking is the oxygen of any development, and what helped to bring the Western world to where it is, suspending it, de facto prohibiting banks from taking risks on the “risky”, our economies will first stall and then fall. And I hope you’d agree that’s not entirely unimportant.

Reading Daniel Kahneman's "Thinking Fast and Slow"
https://www.americanbanker.com/opinion/basel-iii-doubles-down-on-basel-iis-mistake

Are credit-risk weighted equity requirements for banks just regulators’ soothing blankets and teddy bears?

Bruce Hood, in “Essentialism” in “Thinking” edited by John Brockman, 2013, writes: “The reduction in funding in this country has impacted upon my field quite dramatically (behavioral sciences)… Now we have to justify with a view to application”.

Great! And do I have an application to suggest!

Bank regulators succumbed entirely to the intuition of if-more-risky-then-more-equity and if-less-risky-then-less-equity completely ignoring that for the banking system as such, what is ex ante perceived as risky poses little risks. It is what is perceived as “absolutely safe” but that later can pop up as very risky that which contains the true dangers.

And so regulators decided banks needed to hold much more equity against what is perceived as risky than against what is perceived as risky; and that resulted in that banks are now making much higher risk-adjusted returns on equity on what is perceived as safe than on what is perceived as risky.

And that leveraged the natural risk adverseness of banks into the skies; that one to which Mark Twain refers to as “they lend you the umbrella when the sun shines and what it back as soon it looks like it is going to rain”.

And, since our economies move forward thanks to for instance the risk-taking of banks on small businesses and entrepreneurs, the Western world is now stalling and falling.

Hood refers to among other to work he’s done with Paul Bloom about “bizarre behavior you find in children of the West [with their] emotional attachments to blankets and teddy bears [when] they need to self-soothe.” 

And it hit me that it could be an extraordinarily application if Hood and Bloom researched whether these bank regulations are the equivalent self-soothing instruments to regulators. Because if so then we would have some arguments in hands to go and tell the members of the Basel Committee for Banking Supervision and the Financial Stability Board that it is their role to regulate banks as society needs banks and not so to help them be calm when they suck their thumbs.

PS. The Western world was built upon a lot of risk-taking, among others by its banks... but in 1988 it got hit by the Basel Accord asteroid.

Do bank regulators suffer from damage in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex?

All major bank crises originate not from too much lending to what is perceived as risky, that never happens, but from too much lending to something perceived as absolutely not risky but that later becomes very risky, and this often because too much has been lent to it. This is a fact, and regulators, financial journalists and other experts know it. 

And yet, bank regulators set up capital requirements for banks that were much higher when the perceived risk were higher than when the perceived risk were lower, and thereby generated the incentives for too much lending to the latter… as a result of that since banks were allowed to leverage their equity more when doing so, banks could obtain a higher return on their equity when lending to what was officially deemed as absolutely not risky. 

And that not only caused the current crisis but it also keeps us from digging ourselves out of it, as it discriminates against all the “risky” small businesses and entrepreneurs we need to help us. 

And no matter how much I have written about it, the regulatory nannies don’t seem to get it, and keep on digging us, deeper and deeper, into what I have called “L’economia castrata”, that which so dangerously discriminates against what seems as “risky”. Why is this so? 

Well Malcolm Gladwell, in his book “Blink”, 2005, wrote that those who suffer from damage in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, “can be highly intelligent and functional, but they lack judgment”, and that it “causes a disconnect between what you know and what you do”. Could that be it?

Capital requirements for banks, according to any behavioral finance, should NOT be based on perceived risk, but on what banks do with any perceived risk.